The Gulf War: Gas Masks and Bomb Shelters

Back in the first Gulf War, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein attacked Iran, resulting in thirty-four countries entering an alliance against him. Hussein’s response? Threatening to start a war with Israel if anyone attacked Iraq. 

Rather than striking Iraq in defense, the Israeli government issued gas masks to all citizens and instructed them to keep them on hand at all times in case of chemical attack. 

When the US-led coalition attacked Iraq in 1991, Iraqi missiles rained down on Israel. While the Israeli death toll was low during the second Gulf War, the experience had a lasting impact on the country. The weaknesses that had been revealed during the experience inspired the invention of the Iron Dome, the installation of bomb shelters in all new homes and a massive overhaul of Israeli security. 

Big Ideas

1. Sometimes it can be more courageous to show restraint than to fight back.
2. The Gulf War inspired Israel to upgrade its security system with additions such as reinforced/protected rooms and eventually the Iron Dome.
3. Israel has often faced existential threats.

Essential Questions

1. What was the Gulf War’s impact on Israeli society?
2. When is it appropriate to fight back and when is it appropriate to show restraint?

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