What Was the First Intifada?

When people hear the word “Intifada” (“tremor” in Arabic), they are often thinking of the Second Intifada, which began in 2000. But did you know there was a First Intifada, in 1987-1991? What happened during this time? Who was at odds against one another, and what caused the friction? This video explores the events of this difficult period in Israeli history, both within Israel and in the world’s eye.

Also available in podcast format

Review
Discussion
Activities
Reflection
Further Learning

The First Intifada spanned which years?
- 1983-1986
- 1987-1993
- 1994-2000
- 2001-2003
In what ways was the First Intifada different than the Second Intifada?
What did Israelis and Palestinians look like in the media?
What is the PLO and what was its role in this story?
Name a few possible causes for the First Intifada.

Many describe the footage of the Intifada with teenagers throwing rocks against soldiers with tanks to be the moment that Israel went from the “David” in world opinion to the “Goliath” on the world stage. Do you think this depiction of Israel is fair and accurate?
How was the First Intifada a turning point in the Israeli-Palestinian relationship?
Eric Black describes two different depictions of the Intifada.
From an Israeli perspective, “a campaign of terrorism against Israel [was launched] against Israel by the population of the occupied territories. Israel responded with counterterrorism measures, based on a policy of using the least force necessary to pacify the territories.”
From a Palestinian perspective, “Equating any Palestinian action to liberate their homeland with “terrorism” is one of the favorite tricks of Israel’s leaders…When Israel, with the strongest military in the region, with U.S. arms and subsidies, with a nuclear arsenal, kills far more Arab civilians, women and children in bombing raids against refugee camps, it is only defending itself.”
Is there a way to empathize with both of these perspectives while also deeply understanding what Israel was up against?

Eric Black describes two different depictions of the Intifada.From an Israeli perspective, “a campaign of terrorism against Israel [was launched] against Israel by the population of the occupied territories. Israel responded with counterterrorism measures, based on a policy of using the least force necessary to pacify the territories.”From a Palestinian perspective, “Equating any Palestinian action to liberate their homeland with “terrorism” is one of the favorite tricks of Israel’s leaders…When Israel, with the strongest military in the region, with U.S. arms and subsidies, with a nuclear arsenal, kills far more Arab civilians, women and children in bombing raids against refugee camps, it is only defending itself.”Put your students in small groups to discuss the following question: Is there a way to empathize with both of these perspectives while also deeply understanding what Israel was up against?
After the First Intifada, much of the media began viewing Israel as the “Goliath” and the Palestinians as the “David” whereas earlier in Israel’s history Israel was viewed as the David vs the Arab nations representing Goliath.. Show the following image to your students and ask the following questions:
- What message do you think the cartoonist is trying to convey?
- Do you think the cartoon is accurate in its current depiction of Israel? Why or why not?
- What changes would you make to this cartoon to make it more accurate in your eyes?
Engage your students in an experiential learning activity around the theme of Narrative, a theme found in the accompanying video.
Give your students our Kahoot on the First Intifada!

What do you think the average Israeli experienced during this tense time? What about the average Palestinian?
What effect does the media have in shaping people’s opinions? How do you see this today?
Does learning about the First Intifada change your view of Israel in any way? How so?
If you had to explain the First Intifada to someone who knew nothing about Israel, what would you say?
During the intifada, and witnessing the violence, Israelis felt there could be only four possibilities for the Palestinian Arab population in the West Bank and Gaza:
- Allow Palestinians to become full citizens of Israel with full democratic rights
- Allow Palestinians to remains as residents but not citizens, and live as second class citizens
- Encourage Palestinians to leave their homes and relocate to a neighboring Arab country
- Return to the idea of separation of the two peoples which was examined in the 1930’s and 1940’s.
Which of these four responses would you advocate for after viewing the film and thinking over these questions?

Uri Milstein, “It Has Been 30 Years Since the Outbreak of the First Intifada” https://www.jpost.com/Magazine/IT-HAS-BEEN-30-YEARS-SINCE-THE-OUTBREAK-OF-THE-FIRST-INTIFADA-532851
Avraham Sela, “The First Intifada: How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Was Transformed” https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-first-intifada-a-watershed-moment-1.5272288
Eric Black, A Dialogue of Two Monologues
Neil Caplan, The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories, pp. 197-201
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-first-intifada/

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Experiential learning activity is available for this video

Experiential Learning is a proactive way to educate with a focus on reflection and can take place in any academic setting: day school, supplementary school, camp, youth group, synagogue, college campus or university.