How Iraq’s nuclear program forged Israel’s “Begin Doctrine”

On the night before Shavuot, 1981, Prime Minister Menachem Begin shocked his cabinet by announcing they would be launching a surprise attack on a nuclear reactor in Iraq, known as Osirak. It was a gamble, one that most people in the outside world, not to mention in Israel itself, didn’t approve of. In this episode, Noam takes us on a tour of Begin’s decision, the aftermath, and how it still impacts Israel today.

Big Ideas

1. Jewish history has taught the Jewish people to believe their enemies when they say they want to destroy them.
2. “Never again” is not just a Jewish slogan but an Israeli promise to protect the Jewish people.
3. Leaders must make difficult decisions that can include asking soldiers to put their lives in harm’s way. 

Essential Questions

1. What external factors should be taken into consideration when making important decisions to protect one’s country?
2. What are the most important responsibilities of a country’s leader?
3. Is it fair to ask individuals to risk their own lives to save an entire nation? (or to save a large amount of people)?